May 28, 2021 / Guide

Spina bifida occurs when an infant's spinal cord does not develop correctly during prenatal (before birth) development.

Jan 7, 2018 / Guide

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing within the spinal column's vertebrae that results in too much pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Aug 16, 2020 / Guide

Spondylolysis, or lumbar stress fracture, is a fracture of a section of the lumbar spine. Spondylolisthesis, or slipped vertebra, is the forward slippage of one vertebra over the one under it.

Mar 4, 2025 / Guide

Temporomandibular disorder, or TMD, is a common condition that can cause pain and limit jaw function, such as opening the mouth and chewing. Physical therapists treat TMD to help people manage symptoms and improve function.

Feb 7, 2022 / Guide

Tennis elbow is a painful condition caused by overuse of the muscles in the forearm that extend the wrist and fingers.

Jun 9, 2022 / Guide

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can be a painful and disabling condition of the upper arm, forearm, and hand resulting from compression of the structures in the space above the first rib and between the collarbone.

Jun 17, 2022 / Guide

Torticollis — or simply, twisted neck — is a condition in which the head stays tilted to one side. Infant torticollis is due to a tight neck muscle. Infant tortocillis responds very well to physical therapy, and the earlier treatment begins the better.

Sep 25, 2018 / Guide

Total hip replacement (arthroplasty) is a common surgery for severe arthritis or hip fracture when conservative treatments are not effective.

Aug 15, 2023 / Guide

Trismus describes any number of conditions that cause a person to be unable to open their mouth or jaw. Physical therapy can help restore full jaw function.

Mar 24, 2026 / Guide

Ulnar collateral ligament, or UCL, injuries happen when the elbow goes through too much repeated stress. It is common in people involved in throwing sports or frequent overhead work. Get the facts about treatment by a physical therapist.